{"id":492,"date":"2025-05-16T15:18:16","date_gmt":"2025-05-16T07:18:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.armbian.net\/?p=492"},"modified":"2025-05-16T15:18:16","modified_gmt":"2025-05-16T07:18:16","slug":"linux%e5%b8%b8%e7%94%a8%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.armbian.net\/index.php\/2025\/05\/16\/linux%e5%b8%b8%e7%94%a8%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4\/","title":{"rendered":"Linux\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!-- \u5f00\u59cb - Linux\u547d\u4ee4\u624b\u518c --><\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group tutorial-header\" style=\"border-left: 5px solid #3F51B5; background: #f8f9fa; padding: 2em; margin: 2em 0; border-radius: 5px;\">\n<h2 style=\"color: #2c3e50; margin-top: 0!important;\">\ud83d\udc27 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u64cd\u4f5c\u901f\u67e5\u624b\u518c<\/h2>\n<p><!-- \u7528\u6237\u7ba1\u7406\u533a\u5757 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"background: #E8EAF6; padding: 1.5em; border-radius: 5px; margin: 1em 0;\">\n<h3 style=\"color: #1a237e; margin-top: 0;\">\ud83d\udd10 \u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7ba1\u7406<\/h3>\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\" style=\"gap: 1em;\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex: 50%;\">\n<pre style=\"background: #263238; color: #fff; padding: 1em; border-radius: 5px;\"><code># \u7528\u6237\u7ba1\u7406\r\nsudo useradd [username] #\u6dfb\u52a0\u7528\u6237[\u7528\u6237\u540d]\r\nsudo passwd [username]  #\u4e3a\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u5bc6\u7801[\u7528\u6237\u540d]\r\nsudo adduser [username] #\u6dfb\u52a0\u7528\u6237[\u7528\u6237\u540d]\r\n\r\n# \u4f1a\u8bdd\u63a7\u5236\r\nlogin   #\u5f00\u59cb\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u4f1a\u8bdd\r\nlogout  #\u7ed3\u675f\u5f53\u524d\u7684shell\u4f1a\u8bdd\r\nexit    #\u9000\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u7684shell<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex: 50%;\">\n<pre style=\"background: #263238; color: #fff; padding: 1em; border-radius: 5px;\"><code># \u7535\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406\r\nshutdown -h +10  # 10\u5206\u949f\u540e\u5173\u673a\r\nshutdown -r 22:00 # \u5b9a\u65f6\u91cd\u542f\r\npoweroff         # \u7acb\u5373\u5173\u673a\r\nreboot           # \u7acb\u5373\u91cd\u542f\r\ninit 6           # \u5207\u6362\u8fd0\u884c\u7ea7\u522b<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \u6587\u4ef6\u7ba1\u7406\u533a\u5757 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"background: #E0F2F1; padding: 1.5em; border-radius: 5px; margin: 1em 0;\">\n<h3 style=\"color: #004d40; margin-top: 0;\">\ud83d\udcc2 \u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h3>\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\" style=\"gap: 1em;\"><!-- \u76ee\u5f55\u64cd\u4f5c --><\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex: 33%;\">\n<div style=\"background: #fff; padding: 1em; border-radius: 5px;\">\n<h4 style=\"color: #00796b;\">\ud83d\udcc1 \u76ee\u5f55\u7ba1\u7406<\/h4>\n<ul style=\"list-style: none; padding-left: 0;\">\n<li><code>pwd<\/code> \u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u8def\u5f84<\/li>\n<li><code>mkdir<\/code> \u521b\u5efa\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li><code>cd<\/code> \u5207\u6362\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li><code>rmdir<\/code> \u5220\u9664\u7a7a\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li><code>tree -L 2<\/code> \u76ee\u5f55\u6811\u663e\u793a<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c --><\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex: 33%;\">\n<div style=\"background: #fff; padding: 1em; border-radius: 5px;\">\n<h4 style=\"color: #00796b;\">\ud83d\udcc4 \u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h4>\n<ul style=\"list-style: none; padding-left: 0;\">\n<li><code>touch<\/code> \u521b\u5efa\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<li><code>mv<\/code> \u79fb\u52a8\/\u91cd\u547d\u540d<\/li>\n<li><code>cp -r<\/code> \u590d\u5236\u76ee\u5f55<\/li>\n<li><code>rm -rf<\/code> \u5f3a\u5236\u5220\u9664<\/li>\n<li><code>ls -lht<\/code> \u8be6\u60c5\u6392\u5e8f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \u65f6\u95f4\u7ba1\u7406 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex: 33%;\">\n<div style=\"background: #fff; padding: 1em; border-radius: 5px;\">\n<h4 style=\"color: #00796b;\">\u23f0 \u65f6\u95f4\u5c5e\u6027<\/h4>\n<ul style=\"list-style: none; padding-left: 0;\">\n<li><code>ls -l<\/code> \u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4<\/li>\n<li><code>ls -lu<\/code> \u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4<\/li>\n<li><code>touch -a<\/code> \u4fee\u6539\u65f6\u95f4\u6233<\/li>\n<li><code>stat<\/code> \u5b8c\u6574\u5c5e\u6027<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \u5185\u5bb9\u67e5\u770b\u533a\u5757 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"background: #FBE9E7; padding: 1.5em; border-radius: 5px; margin: 1em 0;\">\n<h3 style=\"color: #bf360c; margin-top: 0;\">\ud83d\udd0d \u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u5904\u7406<\/h3>\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\" style=\"gap: 1em;\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex: 50%;\">\n<pre style=\"background: #263238; color: #fff; padding: 1em; border-radius: 5px;\"><code># \u5185\u5bb9\u67e5\u770b\r\ncat -n file | grep 'text'\r\n# \u4f7f\u7528 'cat -n' \u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u5e76\u52a0\u4e0a\u884c\u53f7\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u7ba1\u9053'|'\u4f7f\u7528 'grep' \u67e5\u627e\u5305\u542b'text'\u7684\u6240\u6709\u884c\u3002\r\n\r\nmore largefile.log\r\n# \u4f7f\u7528 'more' \u5206\u9875\u663e\u793a\u5927\u6587\u4ef6 'largefile.log' \u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u67e5\u770b\u957f\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u524d\u540e\u7ffb\u9875\u6d4f\u89c8\u3002\r\nless +F realtime.log\r\n# \u4f7f\u7528 'less +F' \u5b9e\u65f6\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6 'realtime.log' \u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e 'tail -f'\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u76d1\u63a7\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\r\nhead -20 access.log\r\n# \u4f7f\u7528 'head -20' \u663e\u793a\u6587\u4ef6 'access.log' \u7684\u524d20\u884c\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u5f00\u5934\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\r\ntail -f growing.log\r\n# \u4f7f\u7528 'tail -f' \u52a8\u6001\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6 'growing.log' \u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8ffd\u52a0\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u65f6\u76d1\u89c6\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex: 50%;\">\n<pre style=\"background: #263238; color: #fff; padding: 1em; border-radius: 5px;\"><code># \u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\r\nchmod u+rwx script.sh\r\n# \u4f7f\u7528 'chmod u+rwx' \u7ed9\u7528\u6237\uff08\u6240\u6709\u8005\uff09\u6dfb\u52a0\u5bf9\u811a\u672c 'script.sh' \u7684\u8bfb\u3001\u5199\u3001\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\u3002\r\nchmod 755 executable\r\n# \u4f7f\u7528 'chmod 755' \u8bbe\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6 'executable' \u7684\u6743\u9650\u4e3a\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u8005\u5177\u6709\u8bfb\u3001\u5199\u3001\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\uff1b\u7ec4\u7528\u6237\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u53ea\u6709\u8bfb\u548c\u6267\u884c\u6743\u9650\u3002\r\nchown user:group file\r\n# \u4f7f\u7528 'chown user:group' \u66f4\u6539\u6587\u4ef6 'file' \u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005\u548c\u6240\u5c5e\u7ec4\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u7684'user'\u548c'group'\u3002\r\nchattr +i important.cfg\r\n# \u4f7f\u7528 'chattr +i' \u7ed9\u91cd\u8981\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6 'important.cfg' \u6dfb\u52a0\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fee\u6539\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u88ab\u610f\u5916\u5220\u9664\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \u538b\u7f29\u89e3\u538b\u533a\u5757 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\" style=\"background: #F3E5F5; padding: 1.5em; border-radius: 5px; margin: 1em 0;\">\n<h3 style=\"color: #4a148c; margin-top: 0;\">\ud83d\udce6 \u538b\u7f29\u5f52\u6863\u64cd\u4f5c<\/h3>\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns\" style=\"gap: 1em;\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex: 50%;\">\n<pre style=\"background: #263238; color: #fff; padding: 1em; border-radius: 5px;\"><code># ZIP\u538b\u7f29\r\nzip -r backup.zip dir\r\nzip -d backup.zip temp.log\r\nunzip -o data.zip -d target\/\r\n\r\n# \u67e5\u770b\u4fe1\u606f\r\nzipinfo -v archive.zip<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"wp-block-column\" style=\"flex: 50%;\">\n<pre style=\"background: #263238; color: #fff; padding: 1em; border-radius: 5px;\"><code># TAR\u538b\u7f29\r\ntar -czvf log.tar.gz \/var\/log\r\ntar -xzvf source.tar.gz\r\n\r\n# \u5176\u4ed6\u683c\u5f0f\r\ngzip file.txt\r\nbzip2 -k bigfile.iso\r\nxz -9e hugefile.db<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- \u901f\u8bb0\u63d0\u793a --><\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-alert\" style=\"border-left: 4px solid #FF9800; background: #FFF3E0; padding: 1em; margin: 1em 0;\"><strong>\ud83d\udca1 \u9ad8\u9636\u6280\u5de7\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528<code>ls -lht --time=atime<\/code>\u67e5\u770b\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u95f4\u6392\u5e8f<\/li>\n<li><code>tail -n +20 file | head -10<\/code> \u67e5\u770b20-30\u884c<\/li>\n<li>\u7ed3\u5408<code>find<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u6279\u91cf\u4fee\u6539\u6743\u9650\uff1a<br \/>\n<code>find . -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \\;<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\ud83d\udc27 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u64cd\u4f5c\u901f\u67e5\u624b\u518c \ud83d\udd10 \u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7ba1\u7406 # \u7528\u6237\u7ba1\u7406 sudo useradd [usernam [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-492","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-fwqsyjc"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Linux\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4 - armbian\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7cfb\u7edf<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.armbian.net\/index.php\/2025\/05\/16\/linux\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"zh_CN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Linux\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4 - armbian\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7cfb\u7edf\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\ud83d\udc27 Linux \u7cfb\u7edf\u64cd\u4f5c\u901f\u67e5\u624b\u518c \ud83d\udd10 \u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7ba1\u7406 # \u7528\u6237\u7ba1\u7406 sudo useradd [usernam [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.armbian.net\/index.php\/2025\/05\/16\/linux\u5e38\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"armbian\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7cfb\u7edf\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-05-16T07:18:16+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"2668171712\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" 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- 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